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1. general description the PCF8532 is a peripheral device which interfaces to almost any liquid crystal display (lcd) with low multiplex rates. it generates the drive signals for any static or multiplexed lcd containing up to four backplanes and up to 160 segments and can easily be cascaded for larger lcd applications. the PCF8532 is compatible with most microprocessors or microcontrollers and communicates via a two-line bidirectional i 2 c-bus. communication overheads are minimized by a display ram with auto-incremental addressing, by hardware subaddressing and by display memory switching (static and duplex drive modes). 2. features n single-chip lcd controller and driver for up to 640 elements n selectable backplane drive con?guration: static or 2, 3 or 4 backplane multiplexing n 160 segment drives: u up to 80 7-segment numeric characters u up to 42 14-segment alphanumeric characters u any graphics of up to 640 elements n may be cascaded for large lcd applications (up to 2560 elements possible) n 160 4-bit ram for display data storage n software programmable frame frequency in steps of 5 hz in the range of 60 hz to 90 hz n wide lcd supply range: from 2.5 v for low threshold lcds and up to 8.0 v for guest-host lcds and high threshold (automobile) twisted nematic lcds n internal lcd bias generation with voltage-follower buffers n selectable display bias con?guration: static, 1 2 or 1 3 n wide power supply range: from 1.8 v to 5.5 v n lcd and logic supplies may be separated n low power consumption, typically: i dd = 4 m a, i dd(lcd) = 40 m a n 400 khz i 2 c-bus interface n auto-incremental display data loading across device subaddress boundaries n versatile blinking modes n compatible with chip-on-glass (cog) technology n display memory bank switching in static and duplex drive modes n no external components n manufactured in silicon gate cmos process n two sets of backplane outputs for optimal cog con?gurations of the application PCF8532 universal lcd driver for low multiplex rates rev. 1 10 february 2009 product data sheet
PCF8532_1 ? nxp b.v. 2009. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 1 10 february 2009 2 of 44 nxp semiconductors PCF8532 universal lcd driver for low multiplex rates 3. ordering information [1] chip with bumps in tray. 4. marking 5. block diagram table 1. ordering information type number package name description version PCF8532u/2da/1 PCF8532u bare die; 197 bumps; 6.5 1.16 0.38 mm [1] PCF8532u table 2. marking codes type number marking code PCF8532u/2da/1 pc8532-1 fig 1. block diagram of PCF8532 001aah851 lcd voltage selector clock select and timing blinker timebase oscillator input filters i 2 c-bus controller power-on reset clk sync osc scl sda backplane outputs display control bp0 bp1 bp2 bp3 display segment outputs display register output bank select and blink control 160 s0 to s159 sa0 v dd a0 a1 PCF8532 lcd bias generator v ss v lcd command decode write data control display ram data pointer and auto increment subaddress counter sdaack t1 t2 t3
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x x x xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xx xx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx x x xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxx PCF8532_1 ? nxp b.v. 2009. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 1 10 february 2009 3 of 44 nxp semiconductors PCF8532 universal lcd driver for low multiplex rates 6. pinning information 6.1 pinning top view. for mechanical details, see figure 24 . fig 2. bonding pad location of PCF8532 001aah892 112 0 0 sdaack 61 60 30 1 197 167 166 PCF8532 sda scl v dd v ss v lcd t3 osc t1 t2 a0 a1 sa0 clk s159 d4 s130 d3 s29 bp3 s80 s79 bp1 bp2 bp0 s131 d1 bp3 bp1 d2 s28 s0 bp2 bp0 sync +x +y
PCF8532_1 ? nxp b.v. 2009. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 1 10 february 2009 4 of 44 nxp semiconductors PCF8532 universal lcd driver for low multiplex rates 6.2 pin description [1] in most applications sda and sdaack can be tied together. [2] the substrate (rear side of the die) is wired to v ss but should not be electrically connected. 7. functional description the PCF8532 is a versatile peripheral device designed to interface any microprocessor or microcontroller to a wide variety of lcds. it can directly drive any static or multiplexed lcd containing up to four backplanes and up to 160 segments. the display con?gurations possible with the PCF8532 depend on the number of active backplane outputs required. a selection of display con?gurations is shown in t ab le 4 . all of the display con?gurations can be implemented in a typical system as shown in figure 3 . table 3. pin description symbol pin description sdaack 1 to 3 [1] i 2 c-bus acknowledge output sda 4 to 6 [1] i 2 c-bus serial data input scl 7 to 9 i 2 c-bus serial clock input clk 10 clock input/output v dd 11 to 13 supply voltage sync 14 cascade synchronization input/output osc 15 selection of internal or external clock t1, t2 and t3 16, 17 and 18 to 20 dedicated testing pins; to be tied to v ss in application mode a0 and a1 21, 22 subaddress inputs sa0 23 i 2 c-bus slave address input v ss 24 to 26 [2] logic ground v lcd 27 to 29 lcd supply voltage bp2 and bp0 30, 31 lcd backplane outputs s0 to s79 32 to 111 lcd segment outputs bp0, bp2, bp1 and bp3 112 to 115 lcd backplane outputs s80 to s159 116 to 195 lcd segment outputs bp3 and bp1 196, 197 lcd backplane outputs table 4. possible display con?gurations number of 7-segment numeric 14-segment numeric dot matrix backplanes elements digits indicator symbols characters indicator symbols 4 640 80 80 40 80 640 dots (4 160) 3 480 60 60 32 32 480 dots (3 160) 2 320 40 40 20 40 320 dots (2 160) 1 160 20 20 10 20 160 dots (1 160)
PCF8532_1 ? nxp b.v. 2009. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 1 10 february 2009 5 of 44 nxp semiconductors PCF8532 universal lcd driver for low multiplex rates the host microprocessor or microcontroller maintains the 2-line i 2 c-bus communication channel with the PCF8532. biasing voltages for the multiplexed lcd waveforms are generated internally, removing the need for an external bias generator. the internal oscillator is selected by connecting pin osc to v ss . the only other connections required to complete the system are the power supplies (v dd , v ss and v lcd ) and the lcd panel selected for the application. 7.1 power-on reset at power-on the PCF8532 resets to a default starting condition: ? all backplane and segment outputs are set to v lcd ? the selected drive mode is 1:4 multiplex with 1 3 bias ? blinking is switched off ? input and output bank selectors are reset ? the i 2 c-bus interface is initialized ? the data pointer and the subaddress counter are cleared (set to logic 0) ? the display is disabled ? if internal oscillator is selected (osc pin connected to v ss ), then there is no clock signal on pin clk do not transfer data on the i 2 c-bus after a power-on for at least 1 ms to allow the reset action to complete. 7.2 lcd bias generator fractional lcd biasing voltages are obtained from an internal voltage divider of three series resistors connected between v lcd and v ss . the center resistor can be switched out of the circuit to provide a 1 2 bias voltage level for the 1:2 multiplex con?guration. fig 3. typical system con?guration host micro- processor/ micro- controller r t r 2c b sda sdaack scl osc 160 segment drives 4 backplanes lcd panel (up to 640 elements) PCF8532 a0 a1 sa0 v dd v ss v ss v dd v lcd 001aah852
PCF8532_1 ? nxp b.v. 2009. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 1 10 february 2009 6 of 44 nxp semiconductors PCF8532 universal lcd driver for low multiplex rates 7.3 lcd voltage selector the lcd voltage selector coordinates the multiplexing of the lcd in accordance with the selected lcd drive con?guration. the operation of the voltage selector is controlled by mode-set commands from the command decoder. the biasing con?gurations that apply to the preferred modes of operation, together with the biasing characteristics as functions of v lcd and the resulting discrimination ratios (d), are given in t ab le 5 . a practical value for v lcd is determined by equating v off(rms) with a de?ned lcd threshold voltage (v th ), typically when the lcd exhibits approximately 10 % contrast. in the static drive mode a suitable choice is v lcd > 3v th . multiplex drive modes of 1:3 and 1:4 with 1 2 bias are possible but the discrimination and hence the contrast ratios are smaller. bias is calculated by , where the values for a are a = 1 for 1 2 bias a = 2 for 1 3 bias the rms on-state voltage (v on(rms) ) for the lcd is calculated with the equation (1) where v lcd is the resultant voltage at the lcd segment and where the values for n are n = 1 for static mode n = 2 for 1:2 multiplex n = 3 for 1:3 multiplex n = 4 for 1:4 multiplex the rms off-state voltage (v off(rms) ) for the lcd is calculated with the equation: (2) discrimination is the ratio of v on(rms) to v off(rms) and is determined from the equation: table 5. preferred lcd drive modes: summary of characteristics lcd drive mode number of: lcd bias con?guration backplanes bias levels static 1 2 static 0 1 1:2 multiplex 2 3 1 2 0.354 0.791 2.236 1:2 multiplex 2 4 1 3 0.333 0.745 2.236 1:3 multiplex 3 4 1 3 0.333 0.638 1.915 1:4 multiplex 4 4 1 3 0.333 0.577 1.732 v off rms () v lcd -------------------------- v on rms () v lcd ------------------------- d v on rms () v off rms () -------------------------- = 1 1a + ------------ - v on rms () 1 n -- - n 1 C () 1 1a + ------------ - ? ?? 2 + n ------------------------------------------------------------ v lcd = v off rms () a 2 2a n + () C n 1a + () 2 --------------------------------- v lcd =
PCF8532_1 ? nxp b.v. 2009. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 1 10 february 2009 7 of 44 nxp semiconductors PCF8532 universal lcd driver for low multiplex rates (3) using equation 3 , the discrimination for an lcd drive mode of ? 1:3 multiplex with 1 2 bias is ? 1:4 multiplex with 1 2 bias is the advantage of these lcd drive modes is a reduction of the lcd full scale voltage v lcd as follows: ? 1:3 multiplex ( 1 2 bias): ? 1:4 multiplex ( 1 2 bias): these compare with when 1 3 bias is used. it should be noted that v lcd is sometimes referred as the lcd operating voltage. v on rms () v off rms () ------------------------ a1 + () 2 n 1 C () + a1 C () 2 n 1 C () + ------------------------------------------- - = 3 1.732 = 21 3 ---------- 1.528 = v lcd 6v off rms () 2.449v off rms ( ) == v lcd 43 () 3 --------------------- - 2.309v off rms () == v lcd 3v off rms () =
PCF8532_1 ? nxp b.v. 2009. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 1 10 february 2009 8 of 44 nxp semiconductors PCF8532 universal lcd driver for low multiplex rates 7.4 lcd drive mode waveforms 7.4.1 static drive mode the static lcd drive mode is used when a single backplane is provided in the lcd. backplane and segment drive waveforms for this mode are shown in figure 4 . v state1 (t) = v sn (t) - v bp0 (t). v on(rms) = v lcd . v state2 (t) = v (sn+1) (t) - v bp0 (t). v off(rms) = 0 v. fig 4. static drive mode waveforms mgl745 v ss v lcd v ss v lcd v ss v lcd v lcd - v lcd - v lcd v lcd state 1 0 v bp0 sn sn+1 state 2 0 v (a) waveforms at driver. (b) resultant waveforms at lcd segment. lcd segments state 1 (on) state 2 (off) t fr
PCF8532_1 ? nxp b.v. 2009. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 1 10 february 2009 9 of 44 nxp semiconductors PCF8532 universal lcd driver for low multiplex rates 7.4.2 1:2 multiplex drive mode when two backplanes are provided in the lcd, the 1:2 multiplex mode applies. the PCF8532 allows the use of 1 2 bias or 1 3 bias in this mode as shown in figure 5 and figure 6 . v state1 (t) = v sn (t) - v bp0 (t). v on(rms) = 0.791v lcd . v state2 (t) = v sn (t) - v bp1 (t). v off(rms) = 0.354v lcd . fig 5. waveforms for the 1:2 multiplex drive mode with 1 2 bias mgl746 state 1 bp0 (a) waveforms at driver. (b) resultant waveforms at lcd segment. lcd segments state 2 bp1 state 2 state 1 v ss v lcd v lcd / 2 v ss v ss v lcd v lcd v ss v lcd v lcd v lcd 0 v 0 v v lcd / 2 v lcd / 2 v lcd / 2 - v lcd - v lcd - v lcd / 2 - v lcd / 2 s n sn+1 t fr
PCF8532_1 ? nxp b.v. 2009. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 1 10 february 2009 10 of 44 nxp semiconductors PCF8532 universal lcd driver for low multiplex rates v state1 (t) = v sn (t) - v bp0 (t). v on(rms) = 0.745v lcd . v state2 (t) = v sn (t) - v bp1 (t). v off(rms) = 0.333v lcd . fig 6. waveforms for the 1:2 multiplex drive mode with 1 3 bias mgl747 state 1 bp0 (a) waveforms at driver. (b) resultant waveforms at lcd segment. lcd segments state 2 bp1 state 1 state 2 v ss v lcd 2v lcd / 3 v lcd / 3 v ss v lcd 2v lcd / 3 v lcd / 3 v ss v lcd 2v lcd / 3 v lcd / 3 0 v v lcd 2v lcd / 3 - 2v lcd / 3 v lcd / 3 - v lcd / 3 - v lcd - v lcd 0 v v lcd 2v lcd / 3 - 2v lcd / 3 v lcd / 3 - v lcd / 3 s n s n+1 t fr v ss v lcd 2v lcd / 3 v lcd / 3
PCF8532_1 ? nxp b.v. 2009. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 1 10 february 2009 11 of 44 nxp semiconductors PCF8532 universal lcd driver for low multiplex rates 7.4.3 1:3 multiplex drive mode when three backplanes are provided in the lcd, the 1:3 multiplex drive mode applies as shown in figure 7 . v state1 (t) = v sn (t) - v bp0 (t). v on(rms) = 0.638v lcd . v state2 (t) = v sn (t) - v bp1 (t). v off(rms) = 0.333v lcd . fig 7. waveforms for the 1:3 multiplex drive mode with 1 3 bias mgl748 state 1 bp0 (b) resultant waveforms at lcd segment. lcd segments state 2 bp1 state 1 state 2 (a) waveforms at driver. bp2 s n s n+1 s n+2 t fr v ss v lcd 2v lcd / 3 v lcd / 3 v ss v lcd 2v lcd / 3 v lcd / 3 v ss v lcd 2v lcd / 3 v lcd / 3 v ss v lcd 2v lcd / 3 v lcd / 3 v ss v lcd 2v lcd / 3 v lcd / 3 0 v v lcd 2v lcd / 3 - 2v lcd / 3 v lcd / 3 - v lcd / 3 - v lcd 0 v v lcd 2v lcd / 3 - 2v lcd / 3 v lcd / 3 - v lcd / 3 - v lcd v ss v lcd 2v lcd / 3 v lcd / 3
PCF8532_1 ? nxp b.v. 2009. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 1 10 february 2009 12 of 44 nxp semiconductors PCF8532 universal lcd driver for low multiplex rates 7.4.4 1:4 multiplex drive mode when four backplanes are provided in the lcd, the 1:4 multiplex drive mode applies as shown in figure 8 . v state1 (t) = v sn (t) - v bp0 (t). v on(rms) = 0.577v lcd . v state2 (t) = v sn (t) - v bp1 (t). v off(rms) = 0.333v lcd . fig 8. waveforms for the 1:4 multiplex drive mode with 1 3 bias mgl749 state 1 bp0 (b) resultant waveforms at lcd segment. lcd segments state 2 bp1 state 1 state 2 bp2 (a) waveforms at driver. bp3 sn sn+1 sn+2 sn+3 t fr v ss v lcd 2v lcd / 3 v lcd / 3 v ss v lcd 2v lcd / 3 v lcd / 3 v ss v lcd 2v lcd / 3 v lcd / 3 v ss v lcd 2v lcd / 3 v lcd / 3 v ss v lcd 2v lcd / 3 v lcd / 3 v ss v lcd 2v lcd / 3 v lcd / 3 v ss v lcd 2v lcd / 3 v lcd / 3 0 v v lcd 2v lcd / 3 - 2v lcd / 3 v lcd / 3 - v lcd / 3 - v lcd 0 v v lcd 2v lcd / 3 - 2v lcd / 3 v lcd / 3 - v lcd / 3 - v lcd v ss v lcd 2v lcd / 3 v lcd / 3
PCF8532_1 ? nxp b.v. 2009. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 1 10 february 2009 13 of 44 nxp semiconductors PCF8532 universal lcd driver for low multiplex rates 7.5 oscillator the internal logic and the lcd drive signals of the PCF8532 are timed by a frequency f clk which either is derived from the built-in oscillator frequency f osc ( ) or equals an external clock frequency f clk(ext) (). the clock frequency f clk determines the lcd frame frequency f fr (see t ab le 15 ). 7.5.1 internal clock the internal logic and the lcd drive signals of the PCF8532 are timed either by the built-in oscillator or by an external clock. the internal oscillator is enabled by connecting pin osc to pin v ss . in this case the output from pin clk provides the clock signal for cascaded PCF8532s in the system. however, the clock signal is only available at the pin clk, if the display is enabled. the display is enabled using the display enable bit (see t ab le 9 ). the nominal output clock frequency is like speci?ed in t ab le 18 with parameter f clk . 7.5.2 external clock connecting pin osc to v dd enables an external clock source. pin clk then becomes the external clock input. a clock signal must always be supplied to the device; removing the clock may freeze the lcd in a dc state. 7.6 timing and frame frequency the timing of the PCF8532 organizes the internal data ?ow of the device. this includes the transfer of display data from the display ram to the display segment outputs. in cascaded applications, the synchronization signal ( sync) maintains the correct timing relationship between all the PCF8532s in the system. the clock frequency can be programmed by software such that the nominal frame frequency can be chosen in steps of 5 hz in the range of 60 hz to 90 hz (see t ab le 15 ). 7.7 display register the display register holds the display data while the corresponding multiplex signals are generated. there is a one-to-one relationship between the data in the display register, the lcd segment outputs and one column of the display ram. 7.8 segment outputs the lcd drive section includes 160 segment outputs (s0 to s159) which must be connected directly to the lcd. the segment output signals are generated in accordance with the multiplexed backplane signals and with data residing in the display register. when less than 160 segment outputs are required the unused segment outputs must be left open-circuit. f clk f os c 64 --------- - = f clk f clk ext ( ) =
PCF8532_1 ? nxp b.v. 2009. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 1 10 february 2009 14 of 44 nxp semiconductors PCF8532 universal lcd driver for low multiplex rates 7.9 backplane outputs the lcd drive section includes four backplane outputs: bp0 to bp3. the backplane output signals are generated in accordance with the selected lcd drive mode. ? in the 1:4 multiplex drive mode bp0 to bp3 must be connected directly to the lcd. if less than four backplane outputs are required the unused outputs can be left open-circuit. ? in 1:3 multiplex drive mode bp3 carries the same signal as bp1, therefore these two adjacent outputs can be tied together to give enhanced drive capabilities. ? in 1:2 multiplex drive mode bp0 and bp2, bp1 and bp3 respectively carry the same signals and may also be paired to increase the drive capabilities. ? in static drive mode the same signal is carried by all four backplane outputs and they can be connected in parallel for very high drive requirements. the pins for the four backplanes bp0 to bp3 are available on both pin bars of the chip. in applications it is possible to use either the pins for the backplanes ? on the top pin bar ? on the bottom pin bar ? or both of them to increase the driving strength of the device. when using all backplanes available they may be connected to the respective sibling (bp0 on the top pin bar with bp0 on the bottom pin bar and so on). 7.10 display ram the display ram is a static 160 4-bit ram which stores lcd data. a logic 1 in the ram bit map indicates the on-state of the corresponding lcd element (it is shaded); similarly, a logic 0 indicates the off-state (it is translucent). there is a one-to-one correspondence between the ram addresses and the segment outputs and between the individual bits of a ram word and the backplane outputs. the ?rst ram row corresponds to the 160 elements operated with respect to backplane bp0 (see figure 9 ). in multiplexed lcd applications the segment data of the ?rst, second, third and fourth row of the display ram are time-multiplexed with bp0, bp1, bp2 and bp3 respectively. when display data is transmitted to the PCF8532 the display bytes received are stored in the display ram in accordance with the selected lcd drive mode. the data is stored as it arrives and does not wait for the acknowledge cycle as with the commands. depending on the current multiplex mode data is stored singularly, in pairs, triplets or quadruplets, e.g. in 1:2 multiplex mode the ram data is stored every second bit. to illustrate the ?lling order, an example of a 7-segment numeric display showing all drive modes is given in figure 10 ; the ram ?lling organization depicted applies equally to other lcd types. the following applies to figure 10 : ? in static drive mode the eight transmitted data bits are placed in row 0 to eight successive display ram addresses. ? in 1:2 multiplex mode the eight transmitted data bits are placed in row 0 and 1 to four successive display ram addresses.
PCF8532_1 ? nxp b.v. 2009. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 1 10 february 2009 15 of 44 nxp semiconductors PCF8532 universal lcd driver for low multiplex rates ? in 1:3 multiplex mode the bits are placed in row 0, 1 and 2 to three successive addresses, with bit 2 of the third address left unchanged. this last bit may, if necessary, be controlled by an additional transfer to this address but care should be taken to avoid overwriting adjacent data because always full bytes are transmitted. ? in the 1:4 multiplex mode the eight transmitted data bits are placed in row 0, 1, 2 and 3 to two successive display ram addresses. 7.11 data pointer the addressing mechanism for the display ram is realized using the data pointer. this allows the loading of an individual display data byte, or a series of display data bytes, into any location of the display ram. the sequence commences with the initialization of the data pointer by the load-data-pointer-msb and load-data-pointer-lsb commands. following this two commands, an arriving data byte is stored starting at the display ram address indicated by the data pointer. the ?lling order is shown in figure 10 . the data pointer is automatically incremented in accordance with the chosen lcd con?guration. the contents of the data pointer are incremented as follows: ? in static drive mode by eight ? in 1:2 multiplex drive mode by four ? in 1:3 multiplex drive mode by three ? in 1:4 multiplex drive mode by two if the data pointer reaches 159 it is automatically wrapped around to address 0, consequently the subaddress counter is incremented. if an i 2 c-bus data access is terminated early then the state of the data pointer is unknown. the data pointer must be re-written prior to further ram accesses. the display ram bitmap shows the direct relationship between the display ram addresses and the segment outputs; and between the bits in a ram word and the backplane outputs. fig 9. display ram bitmap 0 0 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 155 156 157 158 159 display ram addresses (columns)/segment outputs (s) display ram bits (rows)/ backplane outputs (bp) 001aah853
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x x x xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xx xx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx x x xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxx PCF8532_1 ? nxp b.v. 2009. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 1 10 february 2009 16 of 44 nxp semiconductors PCF8532 universal lcd driver for low multiplex rates x = data bit unchanged fig 10. relationships between lcd layout, drive mode, display ram ?lling order and display data transmitted over the i 2 c-bus 001aag281 s n+2 s n+1 s n+7 s n s n s n+3 s n+5 s n+2 s n+3 s n+1 s n+1 s n+1 s n+2 s n s n+6 s n s n+4 dp dp dp dp a f b g e c d a f b g e c d a f b g e c d a f b g e c d bp0 bp0 bp0 bp1 bp1 bp2 bp1 bp2 bp3 bp0 n c x x x 0 1 2 3 b x x x a x x x f x x x g x x x e x x x d x x x dp x x x n + 1 n + 2 n + 3 n + 4 n + 5 n + 6 n + 7 bit/ bp n a b x x 0 1 2 3 f g x x e c x x d dp x x n + 1 n + 2 n + 3 bit/ bp n b dp c x 0 1 2 3 a d g x f e x x n + 1 n + 2 bit/ bp n a c b dp 0 1 2 3 f e g d n + 1 bit/ bp cbaf geddp abf gecddp bdpcadgf e ac bdpf egd msb lsb msb lsb msb lsb msb lsb drive mode static 1:2 multiplex 1:3 multiplex 1:4 multiplex lcd segments lcd backplanes display ram filling order transmitted display byte
PCF8532_1 ? nxp b.v. 2009. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 1 10 february 2009 17 of 44 nxp semiconductors PCF8532 universal lcd driver for low multiplex rates 7.12 subaddress counter the storage of display data is conditioned by the contents of the subaddress counter. storage is allowed only when the content of the subaddress counter agree with the hardware subaddress applied to a0 and a1. the subaddress counter value is de?ned by the device-select command. if the content of the subaddress counter and the hardware subaddress do not match then data storage is inhibited but the data pointer is incremented as if data storage had taken place. the subaddress counter is also incremented when the data pointer over?ows. the storage arrangements described lead to extremely ef?cient data loading in cascaded applications. when a series of display bytes are sent to the display ram, automatic wrap-over to the next PCF8532 occurs when the last ram address is exceeded. subaddressing across device boundaries is successful even if the change to the next device in the cascade occurs within a transmitted character (such as during the 54th display data byte transmitted in 1:3 multiplex mode). the hardware subaddress must not be changed whilst the device is being accessed on the i 2 c-bus interface. 7.13 output bank selector the output bank selector selects one of the four bits per display ram address for transfer to the display register. the actual bit selected depends on the lcd drive mode in operation and on the instant in the multiplex sequence. ? in 1:4 multiplex mode, all ram addresses of bit 0 are selected, these are followed by the contents of bit 1, bit 2 and then bit 3 ? in 1:3 multiplex mode, bits 0, 1 and 2 are selected sequentially ? in 1:2 multiplex mode, bits 0 and 1 are selected ? in the static mode, bit 0 is selected. the sync signal will reset these sequences to the following starting points: ? bit 3 for 1:4 multiplex mode ? bit 2 for 1:3 multiplex mode ? bit 1 for 1:2 multiplex mode ? bit 0 for static mode the PCF8532 includes a ram bank switching feature in the static and 1:2 multiplex drive modes. in the static drive mode, the bank-select command may request the contents of bit 2 to be selected for display instead of the contents of bit 0. in the 1:2 multiplex drive mode, the contents of bits 2 and 3 may be selected instead of bits 0 and 1. this gives the provision for preparing display information in an alternative bank and to be able to switch to it once it is assembled. 7.14 input bank selector the input bank selector loads display data into the display ram in accordance with the selected lcd drive con?guration. display data can be loaded in bit 2 in static drive mode or in bits 2 and 3 in 1:2 multiplex drive mode by using the bank-select command. the input bank selector functions independently to the output bank selector.
PCF8532_1 ? nxp b.v. 2009. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 1 10 february 2009 18 of 44 nxp semiconductors PCF8532 universal lcd driver for low multiplex rates 7.15 blinker the display blinking capabilities of the PCF8532 are very versatile. the whole display can blink at frequencies selected by the blink-select command. the blink frequencies are fractions of the clock frequency. the ratios between the clock and blink frequencies depend on the blink mode in which the device is operating, see t ab le 6 . an additional feature is for an arbitrary selection of lcd segments to blink. this applies to the static and 1:2 multiplex drive modes and can be implemented without any communication overheads. by means of the output bank selector, the displayed ram banks are exchanged with alternate ram banks at the blink frequency. this mode can also be speci?ed by the blink-select command. in the 1:3 and 1:4 multiplex modes, where no alternate ram bank is available, groups of lcd segments can blink selectively by changing the display ram data at ?xed time intervals. if the entire display can blink at a frequency other than the nominal blink frequency. this can be effectively performed by resetting and setting the display enable bit e at the required rate using the mode-set command (see t ab le 6 ). 7.16 characteristics of the i 2 c-bus the i 2 c-bus is for bidirectional, two-line communication between different ics or modules. the two lines are a serial data line (sda) and a serial clock line (scl). both lines must be connected to a positive supply via a pull-up resistor when connected to the output stages of a device. data transfer may be initiated only when the bus is not busy. by connecting pin sdaack to pin sda on the PCF8532, the sda line becomes fully i 2 c-bus compatible. having the acknowledge output separated from the serial data line is advantageous in chip-on-glass (cog) applications. in cog applications where the track resistance from the sdaack pin to the system sda line can be signi?cant, a potential divider is generated by the bus pull-up resistor and the indium tin oxide (ito) track resistance. it is possible that during the acknowledge cycle the PCF8532 will not be able to create a valid logic 0 level. by splitting the sda input from the output the device could be used in a mode that ignores the acknowledge bit. in cog applications where the acknowledge cycle is required, it is necessary to minimize the track resistance from the sdaack pin to the system sda line to guarantee a valid low level. the following de?nition assumes sda and sdaack are connected and refers to the pair as sda. table 6. blink frequencies assuming that f clk = 1.800 khz. blink mode operating mode ratio blink frequency off - blinking off 1 ~2.34 hz 2 ~1.17 hz 3 ~0.59 hz f blink f clk 768 --------- = f blink f clk 1536 ----------- - = f blink f clk 3072 ----------- - =
PCF8532_1 ? nxp b.v. 2009. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 1 10 february 2009 19 of 44 nxp semiconductors PCF8532 universal lcd driver for low multiplex rates 7.16.1 bit transfer one data bit is transferred during each clock pulse. the data on the sda line must remain stable during the high period of the clock pulse as changes in the data line at this time will be interpreted as a control signal. bit transfer is shown in figure 11 . 7.16.2 start and stop conditions both data and clock lines remain high when the bus is not busy. a high-to-low change of the data line, while the clock is high is de?ned as the start condition (s). a low-to-high change of the data line while the clock is high is de?ned as the stop condition (p). the start and stop conditions are shown in figure 12 . 7.16.3 system con?guration a device generating a message is a transmitter, a device receiving a message is the receiver. the device that controls the message is the master and the devices which are controlled by the master are the slaves. the system con?guration is shown in figure 13 . fig 11. bit transfer mba607 data line stable; data valid change of data allowed sda scl fig 12. de?nition of start and stop conditions mbc622 sda scl p stop condition sda scl s start condition fig 13. system con?guration mga807 sda scl master transmitter/ receiver master transmitter slave transmitter/ receiver slave receiver master transmitter/ receiver
PCF8532_1 ? nxp b.v. 2009. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 1 10 february 2009 20 of 44 nxp semiconductors PCF8532 universal lcd driver for low multiplex rates 7.16.4 acknowledge the number of data bytes transferred between the start and stop conditions from transmitter to receiver is unlimited. each byte of eight bits is followed by an acknowledge bit. the acknowledge bit is a high level signal put on the bus by the transmitter during which time the master generates an extra acknowledge related clock pulse. ? a slave receiver which is addressed must generate an acknowledge after the reception of each byte. ? also a master receiver must generate an acknowledge after the reception of each byte that has been clocked out of the slave transmitter. ? the device that acknowledges must pull-down the sda line during the acknowledge clock pulse, so that the sda line is stable low during the high period of the acknowledge related clock pulse (set-up and hold times must be taken into consideration). ? a master receiver must signal an end of data to the transmitter by not generating an acknowledge on the last byte that has been clocked out of the slave. in this event the transmitter must leave the data line high to enable the master to generate a stop condition. acknowledgement on the i 2 c-bus is shown in figure 14 . 7.16.5 i 2 c-bus controller the PCF8532 acts as an i 2 c-bus slave receiver. it does not initiate i 2 c-bus transfers or transmit data to an i 2 c-bus master receiver. the only data output from the PCF8532 are the acknowledge signals of the selected devices. device selection depends on the i 2 c-bus slave address, on the transferred command data and on the hardware subaddress. in single device application, the hardware subaddress inputs a0 and a1 are normally tied to v ss which de?nes the hardware subaddress 0. in multiple device applications a0 and a1 are tied to v ss or v dd in accordance with a binary coding scheme such that no two devices with a common i 2 c-bus slave address have the same hardware subaddress. fig 14. acknowledgement on the i 2 c-bus mbc602 s start condition 9 8 2 1 clock pulse for acknowledgement not acknowledge acknowledge data output by transmitter data output by receiver scl from master
PCF8532_1 ? nxp b.v. 2009. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 1 10 february 2009 21 of 44 nxp semiconductors PCF8532 universal lcd driver for low multiplex rates 7.16.6 input ?lters to enhance noise immunity in electrically adverse environments, rc low-pass ?lters are provided on the sda and scl lines. 7.16.7 i 2 c-bus protocol two i 2 c-bus slave addresses (0111 000 and 0111 001) are reserved for the PCF8532. the least signi?cant bit of the slave address that a PCF8532 responds to is de?ned by the level tied at its input sa0. the PCF8532 is a write only device and does not respond to a read access. two types of PCF8532 can be distinguished on the same i 2 c-bus which allows: ? up to 8 PCF8532s on the same i 2 c-bus for very large lcd applications ? the use of two types of lcd multiplex on the same i 2 c-bus. the i 2 c-bus protocol is shown in figure 15 . the sequence is initiated with a start condition (s) from the i 2 c-bus master which is followed by one of the two PCF8532 slave addresses available. all PCF8532s with the corresponding sa0 level acknowledge in parallel to the slave address, but all PCF8532s with the alternative sa0 level ignore the whole i 2 c-bus transfer. after acknowledgement, a control byte follows which de?nes if the next byte is ram or command information. the control byte also de?nes if the next following byte is a control byte or further ram/command data. in this way it is possible to con?gure the device then ?ll the display ram with little overhead. the command bytes and control bytes are also acknowledged by all addressed PCF8532s connected to the bus. the display bytes are stored in the display ram at the address speci?ed by the data pointer and the subaddress counter. both data pointer and subaddress counter are automatically updated and the data is directed to the intended PCF8532 device. the acknowledgement after each byte is made only by the (a0 and a1) addressed PCF8532. after the last (display) byte, the i 2 c-bus master issues a stop condition (p). alternatively a start may be issued to restart an i 2 c-bus access.
PCF8532_1 ? nxp b.v. 2009. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 1 10 february 2009 22 of 44 nxp semiconductors PCF8532 universal lcd driver for low multiplex rates 7.17 command decoder the command decoder identi?es command bytes that arrive on the i 2 c-bus. the commands available to the PCF8532 are de?ned in t ab le 8 . fig 15. i 2 c-bus protocol examples a) transmit two bytes of ram data mgl752 s a 0 s 01110 0 0 control byte slave address ram/command byte ram data m s b l s b a a p r/w = 0 s a 0 s 01110 0 01 0 a a a p ram data a b) transmit two command bytes command s a 0 s 01110 0 10 0 a a a p command a a c) transmit one command byte and two ram date bytes command s a 0 s 01110 0 10 00 01 0 a a a p ram data a ram data a a c o r s fig 16. format of control byte table 7. load-data-pointer command bit description bit symbol value description 7co continue bit 0 last control byte 1 control bytes continue 6rs register selection 0 command register 1 data register 5 to 0 - not relevant mgl753 not relevant co 76 543210 rs msb lsb
PCF8532_1 ? nxp b.v. 2009. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 1 10 february 2009 23 of 44 nxp semiconductors PCF8532 universal lcd driver for low multiplex rates [1] power-on and reset value. [2] the possibility to disable the display allows implementation of blinking under external control; the enable bit determines also wether the internal clock signal is available at the clk pin (see section 7.5.1 ). [1] power-on and reset value. [1] power-on and reset value. table 8. de?nition of PCF8532 commands command operation code reference bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 mode-set 1 1 0 0 e b m1 m0 t ab le 9 load-data-pointer-msb 0 0 0 0 p7 p6 p5 p4 t ab le 10 load-data-pointer-lsb 0 1 0 0 p3 p2 p1 p0 t ab le 11 device-select 1 1 1 0 0 0 a1 a0 t ab le 12 bank-select 1 1 1 1 1 0 i o t ab le 13 blink-select 1 1 1 1 0 a bf1 bf0 t ab le 14 frequency-prescaler 1 1 1 0 1 f2 f1 f0 t ab le 15 table 9. mode-set command bits description bit symbol value description 7 to 4 - 1100 ?xed value 3e display status 0 [1] disabled (blank) [2] 1 enabled 2b lcd bias con?guration 0 [1] 1 3 bias 1 1 2 bias 1 to 0 m[1:0] lcd drive mode selection 01 static; bp0 10 1:2 multiplex; bp0, bp1 11 1:3 multiplex; bp0, bp1, bp2 00 [1] 1:4 multiplex; bp0, bp1, bp2, bp3 table 10. load-data-pointer-msb command bits description bit symbol value description 7 to 4 - 0000 ?xed value 3 to 0 p[7:4] 0000 [1] to 1001 p7 to p4 de?nes the ?rst 4 (most signi?cant) bits of the data pointer that indicates one of the 160 display ram addresses table 11. load-data-pointer-lsb command bits description bit symbol value description 7 to 4 - 0100 ?xed value 3 to 0 p[3:0] 0000 [1] to 1111 p3 to p0 de?nes the last 4 (least signi?cant) bits of the data pointer that indicates one of the 160 display ram addresses
PCF8532_1 ? nxp b.v. 2009. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 1 10 february 2009 24 of 44 nxp semiconductors PCF8532 universal lcd driver for low multiplex rates [1] power-on and reset value. [1] the bank-select command has no effect in 1:3 and 1:4 multiplex drive modes. [2] power-on and reset value. [1] power-on and reset value. [2] normal blinking is assumed when the lcd multiplex drive modes 1:3 or 1:4 are selected. [3] alternating ram bank blinking does not apply in 1:3 and 1:4 multiplex drive modes. table 12. device-select command bits description bit symbol value description 7 to 2 - 111000 ?xed value 1 to 0 a[1:0] 00 [1] to 11 two bits of immediate data, bits a0 to a1, are transferred to the subaddress counter to de?ne one of four hardware subaddresses table 13. bank-select command bits description bit symbol value description static 1:2 multiplex [1] 7 to 2 - 111110 ?xed value 1i input bank selection ; storage of arriving display data 0 [2] ram bit 0 ram bits 0 and 1 1 ram bit 2 ram bits 2 and 3 0o output bank selection ; retrieval of lcd display data 0 [2] ram bit 0 ram bits 0 and 1 1 ram bit 2 ram bits 2 and 3 table 14. blink-select command bits description bit symbol value description 7 to 3 - 11110 ?xed value 2a blink mode selection 0 [1] normal blinking [2] 1 alternate ram bank blinking [3] 1 to 0 bf[1:0] blink frequency selection 00 [1] off 01 1 10 2 11 3
PCF8532_1 ? nxp b.v. 2009. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 1 10 february 2009 25 of 44 nxp semiconductors PCF8532 universal lcd driver for low multiplex rates [1] nominal frame frequency calculated for an internal operating frequency of 1.800 khz. [2] power-on and reset value. 7.18 display controller the display controller executes the commands identi?ed by the command decoder. it contains the status registers of the PCF8532 and co-ordinates their effects. the display controller is also responsible for loading display data into the display ram as required by the ?lling order. table 15. frame-frequency prescaler bit symbol value description nominal frame frequency [1] equation 7 to 4 - 11101 ?xed value 3 to 0 f[2:0] de?nes the division factor for the frame frequency 000 60 hz 001 65 hz 010 70 hz 011 [2] 75 hz 100 80 hz 101 85 hz 110 90 hz 111 75 hz f fr 64 80 ----- - f clk 24 --------- = f fr 64 74 ----- - f clk 24 --------- = f fr 64 68 ----- - f clk 24 --------- = f fr f clk 24 --------- = f fr 64 60 ----- - f clk 24 --------- = f fr 64 56 ----- - f clk 24 --------- = f fr 64 53 ----- - f clk 24 --------- = f fr f clk 24 --------- =
PCF8532_1 ? nxp b.v. 2009. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 1 10 february 2009 26 of 44 nxp semiconductors PCF8532 universal lcd driver for low multiplex rates 8. internal circuitry fig 17. device protection diagram sa0 v dd v dd v ss v ss v lcd v ss sda 001aah856 v ss sdaack v ss scl v ss clk v dd v ss osc v dd v ss sync v dd v ss a0, a1 v dd v ss bp0 to bp3 v lcd v ss s0 to s159 v lcd v ss t3 v ss t1, t2 v lcd v ss
PCF8532_1 ? nxp b.v. 2009. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 1 10 february 2009 27 of 44 nxp semiconductors PCF8532 universal lcd driver for low multiplex rates 9. limiting values [1] stresses above these values listed may cause permanent damage to the device. [2] according to the nxp store and transport conditions (document snw-sq-623 ) the devices have to be stored at a temperature of +5 c to +45 c and a humidity of 25 % to 75 %. [3] pass level; human body model (hbm) according to jesd22-a114. [4] pass level; machine model (mm), according to jesd22-a115. [5] pass level; latch-up testing, according to jesd78. caution static voltages across the liquid crystal display can build up when the lcd supply voltage (v lcd ) is on while the ic supply voltage (v dd ) is off, or vice versa. this may cause unwanted display artifacts. to avoid such artifacts, v lcd and v dd must be applied or removed together. table 16. limiting values in accordance with the absolute maximum rating system (iec 60134). [1] symbol parameter conditions min max unit v dd supply voltage - 0.5 +6.5 v i dd supply current - 50 +50 ma v lcd lcd supply voltage - 0.5 +9.0 v i dd(lcd) lcd supply current - 50 +50 ma v i input voltage on pins clk, sync, sa0, osc, sda, scl and a0, a1, t1, t2, t3 - 0.5 +6.5 v i i input current - 10 +10 ma v o output voltage on pins s0 to s159 and bp0 to bp3 - 0.5 +7.5 v on pins sdaack, clk, sync - 0.5 +6.5 v i o output current - 10 +10 ma i ss ground supply current - 50 +50 ma p tot total power dissipation - 400 mw p/out power dissipation per output - 100 mw t stg storage temperature [2] - 65 +150 c v esd electrostatic discharge voltage hbm [3] - 4500 v mm [4] - 250 v i lu latch-up current [5] - 200 ma
PCF8532_1 ? nxp b.v. 2009. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 1 10 february 2009 28 of 44 nxp semiconductors PCF8532 universal lcd driver for low multiplex rates 10. static characteristics [1] lcd outputs are open-circuit; inputs at v ss or v dd ; i 2 c-bus inactive; v lcd = 8.0 v, v dd = 5.0 v and ram written with all logic 1. [2] external clock with 50 % duty factor. [3] variation between any 2 backplanes on a given voltage level; static measured. [4] variation between any 2 segments on a given voltage level; static measured. table 17. static characteristics v dd = 1.8 v to 5.5 v; v ss = 0 v; v lcd = 2.5 v to 8.0 v; t amb = - 40 c to +85 c; unless otherwise speci?ed. symbol parameter conditions min typ max unit supplies v dd supply voltage 1.8 - 5.5 v v lcd lcd supply voltage 1.8 - 8.0 v i dd supply current f clk(ext) = 1.800 khz [1] [2 ] -420 m a with internal oscillator running [1] -1860 m a i dd(lcd) lcd supply current f clk(ext) = 1.800 khz [1] [2 ] -3070 m a with internal oscillator running [1] -3070 m a logic v i input voltage on pins sda, sdaack and scl - 0.5 - 5.5 v all other input pins - 0.5 - (v dd + 0.5) 5.5 v v ih high-level input voltage on pins clk, sync, osc, a0, a1, sa0, scl and sda 0.7v dd -- v v il low-level input voltage on pins clk, sync, osc, a0, a1, sa0, scl and sda - - 0.3v dd v v o output voltage on pins scl and sync - 0.5 - (v dd + 0.5) 5.5 v pin sdaack - 0.5 - 5.5 v i oh high-level output current v oh = 4.6 v; v dd = 5 v; on pin clk 1.5 - - ma i ol low-level output current v ol = 0.4 v; v dd =5v; on pins clk and sync - - - 1.5 ma on pin sdaack - - - 3ma v por power-on reset voltage 1.0 1.3 1.6 v i l leakage current v i =v dd or v ss ; on pin osc, clk, a0, a1, sa0, sda, sdaack and scl - 1- +1 m a lcd outputs d v o output voltage variation on pins bp0 to bp3 and s0 to s159 [3] [4 ] - 30 - +30 mv r o output resistance v lcd = 5 v; on pins bp0 to bp3 - 1.5 5 k w v lcd = 5 v; on pins s0 to s159 - 2.0 5 k w
PCF8532_1 ? nxp b.v. 2009. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 1 10 february 2009 29 of 44 nxp semiconductors PCF8532 universal lcd driver for low multiplex rates t amb =25 c; mux 1:4; all ram written with logic 1; no display connected; external clock with f clk(ext) = 1.800 khz. fig 18. i dd(lcd) (typical) with respect to v lcd v lcd (v) 1 9 7 5 3 001aaj497 20 10 30 40 i dd(lcd) ( m a) 0
PCF8532_1 ? nxp b.v. 2009. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 1 10 february 2009 30 of 44 nxp semiconductors PCF8532 universal lcd driver for low multiplex rates 11. dynamic characteristics [1] typical output duty factor: 50 % measured at the clk output pin. [2] for f clk(ext) > 4 khz it is recommended to use an external pull-up resistor between pin sync and pin v dd . the value of the resistor should be between 100 k w and 1 m w . this resistor should be present even when no cascading con?guration is used! [3] all timing values are valid within the operating supply voltage and ambient temperature range and are referenced to v il and v ih with an input voltage swing of v ss to v dd . table 18. dynamic characteristics v dd = 1.8 v to 5.5 v; v ss = 0 v; v lcd = 2.5 v to 8.0 v; t amb = - 40 c to +85 c; unless otherwise speci?ed. symbol parameter conditions min typ max unit f clk clock frequency on pin clk; see t ab le 15 [1] 900 1800 3000 hz f clk(ext) external clock frequency [2] 700 - 5000 hz t clk(h) high-level clock time external clock source used 100 - - m s t clk(l) low-level clock time external clock source used 100 - - m s t pd(sync_n) sync propagation delay - 30 - ns t sync_nl sync low time 100 - - m s t pd(drv) driver propagation delay v lcd = 5 v - 10 - m s timing characteristics: i 2 c-bus [3] f scl scl clock frequency - - 400 khz t buf bus free time between a stop and start condition 1.3 - - m s t hd;sta hold time (repeated) start condition 0.6 - - m s t su;sta set-up time for a repeated start condition 0.6 - - m s t vd;ack data valid acknowledge time - - 1.2 m s t high high period of the scl clock 0.6 - - m s t low low period of the scl clock 1.3 - - m s t f fall time of both sda and scl signals - - 0.3 m s t r rise time of both sda and scl signals - - 0.3 m s c b capacitive load for each bus line - - 400 pf t su;dat data set-up time 200 - - ns t hd;dat data hold time 0 - - ns t su;sto set-up time for stop condition 0.6 - - m s t w(spike) spike pulse width - - 50 ns
PCF8532_1 ? nxp b.v. 2009. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 1 10 february 2009 31 of 44 nxp semiconductors PCF8532 universal lcd driver for low multiplex rates fig 19. driver timing waveforms fig 20. i 2 c-bus timing waveforms 001aah848 t pd(drv) t sync_nl t pd(sync_n) clk sync bp0 to bp3, and s0 to s159 t clk(h) t clk(l) 1 / f clk 0.7 v dd 0.3 v dd 0.7 v dd 0.3 v dd 0.5 v (v dd = 5 v) 0.5 v sda 001aah850 sda scl t su;sta t su;sto t hd;sta t buf t low t hd;dat t high t r t f t su;dat t vd;ack
PCF8532_1 ? nxp b.v. 2009. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 1 10 february 2009 32 of 44 nxp semiconductors PCF8532 universal lcd driver for low multiplex rates 12. application information 12.1 cascaded operation in large display con?gurations, up to 8 PCF8532s can be distinguished on the same i 2 c-bus by using the 2-bit hardware subaddress (a0 and a1) and the programmable i 2 c-bus slave address (sa0). when cascaded PCF8532s are synchronized, they can share the backplane signals from one of the devices in the cascade. such an arrangement is cost-effective in large lcd applications since the backplane outputs of only one device need to be through-plated to the backplane electrodes of the display. the other PCF8532s of the cascade contribute additional segment outputs but their backplane outputs are left open-circuit (see figure 21 ). for display sizes that are not multiple of 640 elements, a mixed cascaded system can be considered containing only devices like PCF8532 and pcf8533. depending on the application, one must take care of the software commands compatibility and pin connection compatibility. the sync line is provided to maintain the correct synchronization between all cascaded PCF8532s. this synchronization is guaranteed after the power-on reset. the only time that sync is likely to be needed is if synchronization is accidentally lost (e.g. by noise in adverse electrical environments, or by the de?nition of a multiplex mode when PCF8532s with different sa0 levels are cascaded). sync is organized as an input/output pin; the output selection being realized as an open-drain driver with an internal pull-up resistor. a PCF8532 asserts the sync line at the onset of its last active backplane signal and monitors the sync line at all other times. should synchronization in the cascade be lost, it will be restored by the ?rst PCF8532 to assert sync. the timing relationship between the backplane waveforms and the sync signal for the various drive modes of the PCF8532 are shown in figure 23 . when using an external clock signal with high frequencies (f clk(ext) > 4 khz) it is recommended to have an external pull-up resistor between pin sync and pin v dd (see t ab le 18 ). this resistor should be present even when no cascading con?guration is used! when using it in a cascaded con?guration, care must be taken not to route the sync signal to close to noisy signals. the contact resistance between the sync pads of cascaded devices must be controlled. if the resistance is too high, the device will not be able to synchronize properly. this is particularly applicable to cog applications. t ab le 19 shows the limiting values for contact resistance. in the cascaded applications, the osc pin of the PCF8532 with subaddress 0 is connected to v ss so that this device uses its internal clock to generate a clock signal at the clk pin. the other PCF8532 devices are having the osc pin connected to v dd , meaning that this devices are ready to receive external clock, the signal being provided by the device with subaddress 0. in the case that the master is providing the clock signal to the slave devices, care must be taken that the sending of display enable or disable will be received by both, the master and the slaves at the same time. when the display is disabled the output from pin clk is disabled too. the disconnection of the clock may result in a dc component for the display.
PCF8532_1 ? nxp b.v. 2009. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 1 10 february 2009 33 of 44 nxp semiconductors PCF8532 universal lcd driver for low multiplex rates alternatively the schematic can be also constructed such that all the devices have osc pin connected to v dd and thus an external clk being provided for the system (all devices connected to the same external clk). a con?guration where sync is connected but all PCF8532 are using the internal clock (osc pin tied to v ss ) is not recommended and may lead to display artefacts! table 19. sync contact resistance number of devices maximum contact resistance 2 6000 w 3 to 5 2200 w 6 to 8 1200 w (1) is master (osc connected to v ss ). (2) is slave (osc connected to v dd ). fig 21. cascaded con?guration with two PCF8532s using the internal clock of the master host micro- processor/ micro- controller sda scl clk osc sync 160 segment drives 4 backplanes 160/80/40 segment drives lcd panel (up to 2560 elements) PCF8532 (1) a0 a1 sa0 v ss v ss v ss v dd v dd v lcd v lcd v dd v lcd 001aah855 sda sdaack sdaack scl sync clk osc bp0 to bp3 (open-circuit) a0 a1 sa0 PCF8532 (2) bp0 to bp3 r t r 2c b
PCF8532_1 ? nxp b.v. 2009. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 1 10 february 2009 34 of 44 nxp semiconductors PCF8532 universal lcd driver for low multiplex rates (1) is master (osc connected to v ss ). (2) is slave (osc connected to v dd ). fig 22. cascaded con?guration with one PCF8532 and one pcf8533 using the internal clock of the master host micro- processor/ micro- controller sda scl clk osc sync 160 segment drives 4 backplanes 80/40 segment drives lcd panel (up to 2560 elements) PCF8532 (1) a0 a1 sa0 v ss v ss v ss v dd v dd v lcd v lcd (max 6.5 v) v dd v lcd 001aah854 sda sdaack sdaack scl sync clk osc bp0 to bp3 (open-circuit) a0 a1 sa0 a2 pcf8533 (2) bp0 to bp3 r t r 2c b
PCF8532_1 ? nxp b.v. 2009. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 1 10 february 2009 35 of 44 nxp semiconductors PCF8532 universal lcd driver for low multiplex rates fig 23. synchronization of the cascade for the various PCF8532 drive modes 001aaj498 t fr = 1 f fr bp0 (a) static drive mode (b) 1:2 multiplex drive mode (c) 1:3 multiplex drive mode (d) 1:4 multiplex drive mode bp1 (1/2 bias) bp1 (1/3 bias) bp2 (1/3 bias) bp3 (1/3 bias) sync sync sync sync
PCF8532_1 ? nxp b.v. 2009. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 1 10 february 2009 36 of 44 nxp semiconductors PCF8532 universal lcd driver for low multiplex rates 13. bare die outline fig 24. bare die outline of PCF8532u references outline version european projection issue date iec jedec jeita PCF8532u PCF8532u 09-01-05 09-01-09 unit mm max nom min 0.380 0.018 0.015 0.012 6.5 1.16 0.054 a dimensions (mm are the original dimensions) bare die; 197 bumps; 6.5 x 1.16 x 0.38 mm pc8532-1 0 1 2 mm scale a 1 b 0.0338 d e e (1) e 1 (1) 0.2025 l 0.090 x detail x a a 1 detail y b e l e 1 note 1. dimension not drawn to scale. 0 0 +y +x c1 s1 y 1 197 167 166 60 61 d e
PCF8532_1 ? nxp b.v. 2009. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 1 10 february 2009 37 of 44 nxp semiconductors PCF8532 universal lcd driver for low multiplex rates table 20. pin locations symbol pad x ( m m) y ( m m) symbol pad x ( m m) y ( m m) sdaack 1 - 1165.3 - 481.5 s68 100 750.2 481.5 sdaack 2 - 1111.3 - 481.5 s69 101 696.2 481.5 sdaack 3 - 1057.3 - 481.5 s70 102 642.2 481.5 sda 4 - 854.8 - 481.5 s71 103 588.2 481.5 sda 5 - 800.8 - 481.5 s72 104 534.2 481.5 sda 6 - 746.8 - 481.5 s73 105 480.2 481.5 scl 7 - 575.8 - 481.5 s74 106 426.2 481.5 scl 8 - 521.8 - 481.5 s75 107 372.2 481.5 scl 9 - 467.8 - 481.5 s76 108 318.2 481.5 clk 10 - 316.2 - 481.5 s77 109 264.2 481.5 v dd 11 - 204.1 - 481.5 s78 110 210.2 481.5 v dd 12 - 150.1 - 481.5 s79 111 156.2 481.5 v dd 13 - 96.1 - 481.5 bp0 112 86.8 481.5 sync 14 6.9 - 481.5 bp2 113 32.8 481.5 osc 15 119.4 - 481.5 bp1 114 - 21.2 481.5 t1 16 203.1 - 481.5 bp3 115 - 75.2 481.5 t2 17 286.8 - 481.5 s80 116 - 190.7 481.5 t3 18 389.9 - 481.5 s81 117 - 244.7 481.5 t3 19 443.9 - 481.5 s82 118 - 298.7 481.5 t3 20 497.9 - 481.5 s83 119 - 352.7 481.5 a0 21 640.5 - 481.5 s84 120 - 406.7 481.5 a1 22 724.2 - 481.5 s85 121 - 460.7 481.5 sa0 23 807.9 - 481.5 s86 122 - 514.7 481.5 v ss 24 893.0 - 481.5 s87 123 - 568.7 481.5 v ss 25 947.0 - 481.5 s88 124 - 622.7 481.5 v ss 26 1001.0 - 481.5 s89 125 - 676.7 481.5 v lcd 27 1107.2 - 481.5 s90 126 - 730.7 481.5 v lcd 28 1161.2 - 481.5 s91 127 - 784.7 481.5 v lcd 29 1215.2 - 481.5 s92 128 - 838.7 481.5 bp2 30 1303.4 - 481.5 s93 129 - 892.7 481.5 bp0 31 1357.4 - 481.5 s94 130 - 946.7 481.5 s0 32 1411.4 - 481.5 s95 131 - 1000.7 481.5 s1 33 1465.4 - 481.5 s96 132 - 1054.7 481.5 s2 34 1519.4 - 481.5 s97 133 - 1108.7 481.5 s3 35 1573.4 - 481.5 s98 134 - 1224.2 481.5 s4 36 1627.4 - 481.5 s99 135 - 1278.2 481.5 s5 37 1681.4 - 481.5 s100 136 - 1332.2 481.5 s6 38 1735.4 - 481.5 s101 137 - 1386.2 481.5 s7 39 1789.4 - 481.5 s102 138 - 1440.2 481.5 s8 40 1843.4 - 481.5 s103 139 - 1494.2 481.5 s9 41 1897.4 - 481.5 s104 140 - 1548.2 481.5
PCF8532_1 ? nxp b.v. 2009. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 1 10 february 2009 38 of 44 nxp semiconductors PCF8532 universal lcd driver for low multiplex rates s10 42 1951.4 - 481.5 s105 141 - 1602.2 481.5 s11 43 2005.4 - 481.5 s106 142 - 1656.2 481.5 s12 44 2059.4 - 481.5 s107 143 - 1710.2 481.5 s13 45 2113.4 - 481.5 s108 144 - 1764.2 481.5 s14 46 2167.4 - 481.5 s109 145 - 1818.2 481.5 s15 47 2221.4 - 481.5 s110 146 - 1872.2 481.5 s16 48 2363.9 - 481.5 s111 147 - 1926.2 481.5 s17 49 2417.9 - 481.5 s112 148 - 1980.2 481.5 s18 50 2471.9 - 481.5 s113 149 - 2034.2 481.5 s19 51 2525.9 - 481.5 s114 150 - 2088.2 481.5 s20 52 2579.9 - 481.5 s115 151 - 2142.2 481.5 s21 53 2633.9 - 481.5 s116 152 - 2284.7 481.5 s22 54 2687.9 - 481.5 s117 153 - 2338.7 481.5 s23 55 2741.9 - 481.5 s118 154 - 2392.7 481.5 s24 56 2795.9 - 481.5 s119 155 - 2446.7 481.5 s25 57 2849.9 - 481.5 s120 156 - 2500.7 481.5 s26 58 2903.9 - 481.5 s121 157 - 2554.7 481.5 s27 59 2957.9 - 481.5 s122 158 - 2608.7 481.5 s28 60 3011.9 - 481.5 s123 159 - 2662.7 481.5 s29 61 3067.7 481.5 s124 160 - 2716.7 481.5 s30 62 3013.7 481.5 s125 161 - 2770.7 481.5 s31 63 2959.7 481.5 s126 162 - 2824.7 481.5 s32 64 2905.7 481.5 s127 163 - 2878.7 481.5 s33 65 2851.7 481.5 s128 164 - 2932.7 481.5 s34 66 2797.7 481.5 s129 165 - 2986.7 481.5 s35 67 2743.7 481.5 s130 166 - 3040.7 481.5 s36 68 2689.7 481.5 s131 167 - 3025.2 - 481.5 s37 69 2635.7 481.5 s132 168 - 2971.2 - 481.5 s38 70 2520.2 481.5 s133 169 - 2917.2 - 481.5 s39 71 2466.2 481.5 s134 170 - 2863.2 - 481.5 s40 72 2412.2 481.5 s135 171 - 2809.2 - 481.5 s41 73 2358.2 481.5 s136 172 - 2755.2 - 481.5 s42 74 2304.2 481.5 s137 173 - 2701.2 - 481.5 s43 75 2250.2 481.5 s138 174 - 2647.2 - 481.5 s44 76 2196.2 481.5 s139 175 - 2593.2 - 481.5 s45 77 2142.2 481.5 s140 176 - 2539.2 - 481.5 s46 78 2088.2 481.5 s141 177 - 2485.2 - 481.5 s47 79 2034.2 481.5 s142 178 - 2431.2 - 481.5 s48 80 1891.7 481.5 s143 179 - 2377.2 - 481.5 s49 81 1837.7 481.5 s144 180 - 2234.7 - 481.5 s50 82 1783.7 481.5 s145 181 - 2180.7 - 481.5 table 20. pin locations symbol pad x ( m m) y ( m m) symbol pad x ( m m) y ( m m)
PCF8532_1 ? nxp b.v. 2009. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 1 10 february 2009 39 of 44 nxp semiconductors PCF8532 universal lcd driver for low multiplex rates the dummy pads are connected to the segments shown (see t ab le 21 ) but are not tested. the alignment marks are shown in t ab le 22 . s51 83 1729.7 481.5 s146 182 - 2126.7 - 481.5 s52 84 1675.7 481.5 s147 183 - 2072.7 - 481.5 s53 85 1621.7 481.5 s148 184 - 2018.7 - 481.5 s54 86 1567.7 481.5 s149 185 - 1964.7 - 481.5 s55 87 1513.7 481.5 s150 186 - 1910.7 - 481.5 s56 88 1459.7 481.5 s151 187 - 1856.7 - 481.5 s57 89 1405.7 481.5 s152 188 - 1802.7 - 481.5 s58 90 1351.7 481.5 s153 189 - 1748.7 - 481.5 s59 91 1297.7 481.5 s154 190 - 1694.7 - 481.5 s60 92 1243.7 481.5 s155 191 - 1640.7 - 481.5 s61 93 1189.7 481.5 s156 192 - 1586.7 - 481.5 s62 94 1135.7 481.5 s157 193 - 1532.7 - 481.5 s63 95 1081.7 481.5 s158 194 - 1478.7 - 481.5 s64 96 1027.7 481.5 s159 195 - 1424.7 - 481.5 s65 97 973.7 481.5 bp3 196 - 1370.7 - 481.5 s66 98 858.2 481.5 bp1 197 - 1316.7 - 481.5 s67 99 804.2 481.5 - - - - table 21. dummy pads symbol connected to pin x ( m m) y ( m m) d1 s131 - 3079.2 - 481.5 d2 s28 3065.9 - 481.5 d3 s29 3121.7 481.5 d4 s130 - 3094.7 481.5 table 22. alignment marks symbol size ( m m) x ( m m) y ( m m) s1 121.5 121.5 - 2733.75 - 47.25 c1 121.5 121.5 2603.7 - 47.25 fig 25. alignment marks table 20. pin locations symbol pad x ( m m) y ( m m) symbol pad x ( m m) y ( m m) 001aah849 ref ref c1 s1
PCF8532_1 ? nxp b.v. 2009. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 1 10 february 2009 40 of 44 nxp semiconductors PCF8532 universal lcd driver for low multiplex rates 14. packing information table 23. tray dimensions (see figure 26 ) symbol description value a pocket pitch in x direction 8.8 mm b pocket pitch in y direction 3.6 mm c pocket width in x direction 6.65 mm d pocket width in y direction 1.31 mm e tray width in x direction 50.8 mm f tray width in y direction 50.8 mm x number of pockets, x direction 5 y number of pockets, y direction 12 fig 26. tray details fig 27. tray alignment 001aah890 ac d b e f y x 001aah857 pc8532-1
PCF8532_1 ? nxp b.v. 2009. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 1 10 february 2009 41 of 44 nxp semiconductors PCF8532 universal lcd driver for low multiplex rates 15. abbreviations table 24. abbreviations acronym description cmos complementary metal oxide semiconductor cog chip-on-glass hbm human body model i 2 c inter-integrated circuit ito indium tin oxide lcd liquid crystal display lsb least signi?cant bit mm machine model msb most signi?cant bit ram random access memory rms root mean square
PCF8532_1 ? nxp b.v. 2009. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 1 10 february 2009 42 of 44 nxp semiconductors PCF8532 universal lcd driver for low multiplex rates 16. revision history table 25. revision history document id release date data sheet status change notice supersedes PCF8532_1 20090210 product data sheet - -
PCF8532_1 ? nxp b.v. 2009. all rights reserved. product data sheet rev. 1 10 february 2009 43 of 44 nxp semiconductors PCF8532 universal lcd driver for low multiplex rates 17. legal information 17.1 data sheet status [1] please consult the most recently issued document before initiating or completing a design. [2] the term short data sheet is explained in section de?nitions. [3] the product status of device(s) described in this document may have changed since this document was published and may differ in case of multiple dev ices. the latest product status information is available on the internet at url http://www .nxp .com . 17.2 de?nitions draft the document is a draft version only. the content is still under internal review and subject to formal approval, which may result in modi?cations or additions. nxp semiconductors does not give any representations or warranties as to the accuracy or completeness of information included herein and shall have no liability for the consequences of use of such information. short data sheet a short data sheet is an extract from a full data sheet with the same product type number(s) and title. a short data sheet is intended for quick reference only and should not be relied upon to contain detailed and full information. for detailed and full information see the relevant full data sheet, which is available on request via the local nxp semiconductors sales of?ce. in case of any inconsistency or con?ict with the short data sheet, the full data sheet shall prevail. 17.3 disclaimers general information in this document is believed to be accurate and reliable. however, nxp semiconductors does not give any representations or warranties, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy or completeness of such information and shall have no liability for the consequences of use of such information. right to make changes nxp semiconductors reserves the right to make changes to information published in this document, including without limitation speci?cations and product descriptions, at any time and without notice. this document supersedes and replaces all information supplied prior to the publication hereof. suitability for use nxp semiconductors products are not designed, authorized or warranted to be suitable for use in medical, military, aircraft, space or life support equipment, nor in applications where failure or malfunction of an nxp semiconductors product can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury, death or severe property or environmental damage. nxp semiconductors accepts no liability for inclusion and/or use of nxp semiconductors products in such equipment or applications and therefore such inclusion and/or use is at the customers own risk. applications applications that are described herein for any of these products are for illustrative purposes only. nxp semiconductors makes no representation or warranty that such applications will be suitable for the speci?ed use without further testing or modi?cation. limiting values stress above one or more limiting values (as de?ned in the absolute maximum ratings system of iec 60134) may cause permanent damage to the device. limiting values are stress ratings only and operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those given in the characteristics sections of this document is not implied. exposure to limiting values for extended periods may affect device reliability. terms and conditions of sale nxp semiconductors products are sold subject to the general terms and conditions of commercial sale, as published at http://www .nxp .com/pro? le/ter ms , including those pertaining to warranty, intellectual property rights infringement and limitation of liability, unless explicitly otherwise agreed to in writing by nxp semiconductors. in case of any inconsistency or con?ict between information in this document and such terms and conditions, the latter will prevail. no offer to sell or license nothing in this document may be interpreted or construed as an offer to sell products that is open for acceptance or the grant, conveyance or implication of any license under any copyrights, patents or other industrial or intellectual property rights. bare die all die are tested on compliance with their related technical speci?cations as stated in this data sheet up to the point of wafer sawing and are handled in accordance with the nxp semiconductors storage and transportation conditions. if there are data sheet limits not guaranteed, these will be separately indicated in the data sheet. there are no post-packing tests performed on individual die or wafers. nxp semiconductors has no control of third party procedures in the sawing, handling, packing or assembly of the die. accordingly, nxp semiconductors assumes no liability for device functionality or performance of the die or systems after third party sawing, handling, packing or assembly of the die. it is the responsibility of the customer to test and qualify their application in which the die is used. all die sales are conditioned upon and subject to the customer entering into a written die sale agreement with nxp semiconductors through its legal department. 17.4 trademarks notice: all referenced brands, product names, service names and trademarks are the property of their respective owners. i 2 c-bus logo is a trademark of nxp b.v. 18. contact information for more information, please visit: http://www .nxp.com for sales of?ce addresses, please send an email to: salesad dresses@nxp.com document status [1] [2] product status [3] de?nition objective [short] data sheet development this document contains data from the objective speci?cation for product development. preliminary [short] data sheet quali?cation this document contains data from the preliminary speci?cation. product [short] data sheet production this document contains the product speci?cation.
nxp semiconductors PCF8532 universal lcd driver for low multiplex rates ? nxp b.v. 2009. all rights reserved. for more information, please visit: http://www.nxp.com for sales office addresses, please send an email to: salesaddresses@nxp.com date of release: 10 february 2009 document identifier: PCF8532_1 please be aware that important notices concerning this document and the product(s) described herein, have been included in section legal information. 19. contents 1 general description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 ordering information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 4 marking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5 block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 6 pinning information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 6.1 pinning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 6.2 pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 7 functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 7.1 power-on reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 7.2 lcd bias generator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 7.3 lcd voltage selector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 7.4 lcd drive mode waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 7.4.1 static drive mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 7.4.2 1:2 multiplex drive mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 7.4.3 1:3 multiplex drive mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 7.4.4 1:4 multiplex drive mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 7.5 oscillator. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 7.5.1 internal clock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 7.5.2 external clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 7.6 timing and frame frequency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 7.7 display register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 7.8 segment outputs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 7.9 backplane outputs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 7.10 display ram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 7.11 data pointer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 7.12 subaddress counter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 7.13 output bank selector. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 7.14 input bank selector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 7.15 blinker. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 7.16 characteristics of the i 2 c-bus . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 7.16.1 bit transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 7.16.2 start and stop conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 7.16.3 system con?guration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 7.16.4 acknowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 7.16.5 i 2 c-bus controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 7.16.6 input ?lters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 7.16.7 i 2 c-bus protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 7.17 command decoder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 7.18 display controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 8 internal circuitry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 9 limiting values. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 10 static characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 11 dynamic characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 12 application information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 12.1 cascaded operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 13 bare die outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 14 packing information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 15 abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 16 revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 17 legal information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 17.1 data sheet status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 17.2 de?nitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 17.3 disclaimers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 17.4 trademarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 18 contact information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 19 contents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

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